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The society known today as The Brick Church was established in 1767 by the Presbyterian Church, then located on Wall Street at Nassau Street, to ease overcrowding. The board successfully petitioned the City for use of a triangular plot of land near the "Vineyard" – an area bounded by what became Beekman Street and Park Row – and then raised subscriptions to erect a new building. Designed in the Georgian style, the edifice was constructed of red brick and had an unfinished steeple. The completed "New Church" opened for worship on New Year's Day 1768. The building soon became familiarly known as "Brick Meeting" or "Brick Church," perhaps to differentiate it from the Wall Street church that was built of stone. During the Revolutionary War (1775-1783) the building was commandeered by the enemy for use as a military prison and hospital, but was restored to religious service in 1784. Brick Meeting became an independent church in 1809.
As City residents migrated northward, plans were made to build a new church nearer its members. The old property was sold in 1856 and became the site of The New York Times offices.
In 1858, a new Brick Church was opened on the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 37th Street in the Murray Hill area of Manhattan. Designed by Griffith Thomas, the red-bricked Georgian edifice featured a 250-foot spire that contained the old bell. In 1937, Brick Church merged with Park Avenue Presbyterian Church, located at Park Avenue and 85th Street (in the building now occupied by Park Avenue Christian Church). A lot was purchased on Park Avenue and 91st Street, and a new church building, designed by Lewis Ayres of York & Sawyer, was dedicated in 1940. The weather vane and old bell were moved to the new spire, and the 1917 Skinner organ was moved to the new church. The Chapel of the Reformed Faith, designed by Adams & Woodbridge, was constructed in 1952. |
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"New Church" or "Brick Meeting"
(1768-1856)
on Beekman Street |
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The Brick Church (1858-1937)
Fifth Avenue at 37th Street |
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Park Avenue Presbyterian
(1937-40)
Park Avenue at 85th Street |
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Casavant Frères, Limitée
St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada – Opus 3837 (2005)
Electric slider chests
Solid State combination action
4 manuals, 101 registers, 88 stops, 118 ranks
In 2002, the Brick Church commissioned organbuilders
Casavant Frères of St-Hyacinthe, Québec,
to build a new electric slide chest organ of 88 independent
stops (101 speaking stops), 118 ranks and 6,288 pipes.
Pipe materials and construction reflect late 19th century
French practices as developed by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
Winding utilizes double-rise reservoirs along with wooden
wind lines and follows the practices of the Casavant
brothers in their early instruments. The movable four-manual
terraced console, patterned after those built by Casavant
in the early 20th century, is of red oak and mahogany
and has an ornately carved shell. The façade,
designed by Benoît Gendron of Casavant, consists
of twin carved, painted, and gilded cases with polished
tin pipes. The organ was voiced onsite by Casavant voicers
Jean-Sébastien
Dufour and Yves Champagne. The voicing was carefully
guided by Jean-Louis Coignet, and Keith S. Tóth,
Minister of Music.
The organ was dedicated with a recital by Ben van Oosten on November 7, 2005. |
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Grand-Orgue (Manual I) – 61 notes
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32 |
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Bourdon [ext. 16; 1-12 fr. Soub] |
— |
2 |
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Doublette |
61 |
16 |
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Montre |
61 |
2 2/3 |
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Grande Fourniture III-VII rangs |
326 |
16 |
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Bourdon |
61 |
1 1/3 |
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Fourniture II-V rangs |
224 |
8 |
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Montre |
61 |
1 |
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Cymbale III-IV rangs |
232 |
8 |
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Salicional |
61 |
16 |
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Basson (ext.) |
12 |
8 |
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Bourdon |
61 |
8 |
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Baryton |
61 |
4 |
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Prestant |
61 |
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Grand Orgue Grave |
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2 2/3 |
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Quinte |
61 |
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Grand Orgue Muet |
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Grand-Chœur (Manual I) – 61 notes
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16 |
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Violonbasse (ext.) |
12 |
16 |
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Bombarde |
61 |
8 |
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Flûte harmonique |
61 |
8 |
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Trompette |
61 |
8 |
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Violon |
61 |
4 |
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Clairon |
61 |
4 |
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Flûte octaviante |
61 |
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Grand Chœur Grave |
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16 |
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Grand Cornet V [fr. Cornet V] |
— |
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Grand Chœur Muet |
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8 |
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Cornet V ranks (TC) |
245 |
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Positif expressif (Manual II) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Quintaton |
61 |
1 1/3 |
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Larigot |
61 |
8 |
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Principal |
61 |
1 1/7 |
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Septième |
61 |
8 |
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Dulciane |
61 |
1 |
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Piccolo |
61 |
8 |
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Unda maris (GG) |
54 |
1 1/3 |
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Plein-Jeu II-V rangs |
233 |
8 |
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Flûte harmonique |
61 |
16 |
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Clarinette basse |
61 |
8 |
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Bourdon |
61 |
8 |
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Trompette |
61 |
4 |
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Prestant |
61 |
8 |
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Cromorne |
61 |
4 |
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Flûte douce |
61 |
4 |
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Clarinette soprano |
61 |
2 2/3 |
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Nasard |
61 |
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Tremolo (Tremblant doux) |
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2 |
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Flageolet |
61 |
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Positif Grave |
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1 3/5 |
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Tierce |
61 |
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Positif Muet |
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Récit expressif (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Bourdon |
61 |
16 |
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Bombarde |
61 |
8 |
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Diapason |
61 |
8 |
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Trompette harmonique |
61 |
8 |
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Flûte traversière |
61 |
8 |
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Basson-Hautbois |
61 |
8 |
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Viole de gambe |
61 |
8 |
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Voix humaine |
61 |
8 |
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Voix céleste |
61 |
8 |
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Clarinette |
61 |
8 |
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Cor de nuit |
61 |
4 |
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Clairon harmonique |
61 |
8 |
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Voix éolienne (TC) |
49 |
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Tremolo (à vent perdu) |
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4 |
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Fugara |
61 |
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Clochettes |
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4 |
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Flûte octaviante |
61 |
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Récit Grave |
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2 2/3 |
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Nasard |
61 |
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Récit Muet |
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2 |
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Octavin |
61 |
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Récit Octave |
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8 |
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Cornet harmonique II-V rangs |
245 |
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Sostenuto |
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2 |
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Plein Jeu harm. II-V rangs |
228 |
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Solo expressif (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Flûte majeure |
61 |
16 |
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Tuba magna (TC, fr. Tuba 8) |
— |
8 |
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Flûtes célestes II rangs * |
110 |
16 |
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Cor de basset |
61 |
8 |
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Violoncelle |
61 |
8 |
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Tuba mirabilis |
61 |
8 |
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Céleste |
61 |
8 |
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Cor français * |
61 |
4 |
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Viole d'amour |
61 |
8 |
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Cor anglais (free reeds) + |
61 |
4 |
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Flûte de concert |
61 |
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Tremolo (à vent perdu) |
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2 2/3 |
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Nasard harmonique |
61 |
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Solo Grave |
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2 |
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Octavin |
61 |
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Solo Muet |
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1 3/5 |
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Tierce harmonique |
61 |
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Solo Octave |
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2 |
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Piccolo harmonique |
61 |
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Sostenuto |
1/3 |
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Clochette harmonique |
61 |
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* from E.M. Skinner organ, Op. 280 (1917) |
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+ made in France, late 19th century |
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Pédale – 32 notes
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32 |
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Soubasse (ext.) |
12 |
5 1/3 |
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Quinte |
32 |
16 |
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Flûte |
32 |
4 4/7 |
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Grande Septième |
32 |
16 |
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Contrebasse |
32 |
4 |
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Octave |
32 |
16 |
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Violonbasse |
G-C |
4 |
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Flûte |
32 |
16 |
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Soubasse |
32 |
2 |
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Cor de nuit |
32 |
16 |
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Montre |
G-O |
32 |
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Contre Bombarde (ext.) |
12 |
16 |
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Bourdon |
RÉC |
16 |
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Bombarde |
32 |
10 2/3 |
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Grande Quinte |
32 |
16 |
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Basson |
G-O |
8 |
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Flûte |
32 |
16 |
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Bombarde |
RÉC |
8 |
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Violoncelle |
32 |
8 |
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Trompette |
32 |
8 |
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Bourdon |
32 |
8 |
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Baryton |
G-O |
6 2/5 |
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Grande Tierce |
32 |
4 |
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Clairon |
32 |
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Couplers (Multiplex)
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Grand Orgue à la Pédale |
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Grand Orgue au Positif |
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Grand Chœur à la Pédale |
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Grand Chœur au Positif |
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Récit à la Pédale |
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Récit Grave au Positif |
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Récit Octave à la Pédale |
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Récit au Positif |
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Positif à la Pédale |
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Récit Octave au Positif |
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Postif Octave à la Pédale |
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Solo au Positif |
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Solo à la Pédale |
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Solo au Récit |
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Solo Octave à la Pédale |
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Solo Octave au Récit |
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Récit Grave au Grand Orgue |
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Grand Chœur au Solo |
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Récit au Grand Orgue |
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Récit Octave au Grand Orgue |
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G.O. – G.C. / Positif Reverse |
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Positif Grave au Grand Orgue |
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(including divisional combinations;
not affected by combination action,
crescendo or full organ) |
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Positif au Grand Orgue |
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Solo Grave au Grand Orgue |
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Solo au Grand Orgue |
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Union des Expressions |
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Solo Octave au Grand Orgue |
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(All Swells to Swell) |
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Pédale au Grand Orgue |
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Coupure de Pédalier (Pedal Divide) |
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Adjustable Combinations (256 levels of memory)
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Grand Orgue/ |
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Grand Chœur |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 |
Thumb |
Positif |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 |
Thumb |
Récit |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 |
Thumb |
Solo |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6 |
Thumb |
Pédale |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6 |
Toe |
Généraux |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10- |
Thumb (1-20) and Toe (1-12) |
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11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20 |
Rappels de division (Divisional Cancels) |
Thumb pistons on key cheeks |
Rappel (General Cancel) |
Thumb |
Général suivant (Sequencer Generals forward) |
Thumb (5) and Toe (2) |
Général précédent (Sequencer
Generals previous) |
Thumb (2) and Toe (1) |
Niveau de mémoire suivant (Memory Level forward) |
Thumb (2) |
Niveau de mémoire précédent (Memory Level previous) |
Thumb (2) |
Adjusteur (Setter) |
Thumb |
Verrouillage des combinaisons (Comb. Adjuster Lock) |
Push-button code |
Sauvegarde des combinaisons (Memory Storage System) |
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Reversible Pistons
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Grand Orgue à la Pédale |
Thumb and Toe |
Grand Chœur à la Pédale |
Thumb and Toe |
Récit à la Pédale |
Thumb and Toe |
Positif à la Pédale |
Thumb and Toe |
Solo à la Pédale |
Thumb and Toe |
Positif au Grand Orgue |
Toe |
Récit au Grand Orgue |
Toe |
Solo au Grand Orgue |
Toe |
Soubasse 32' |
Thumb and Toe |
Contre Bombarde 32' |
Thumb and Toe |
Appel (programmable) |
Thumb and Toe |
Clochettes |
Thumb and Toe |
Effet d'orage (five notes) |
Toe |
Tutti |
Thumb and Toe |
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Balanced Pedals
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Crescendo (4 modes, programmable) |
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Positif Expression |
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Récit Expression |
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Solo Expression |
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Accessories
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Concave and radiating pedal clavier (A.G.O.) |
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Adjustable organ bench with gauge |
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Music rack light with on/off switch (hidden) |
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Pedalboard light |
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Crescendo indicator light (amber) |
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Tutti indicator light (red) |
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Combination action adjuster lock indicator |
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Expression indicator lights (four for each expression – amber) |
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MIDI In/Out with preassigned channels |
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Austin Organs Inc.
Hartford, Conn. – Opus 2400 (1963, 1986); rev. Bruce Shultz (1996)
Electro-pneumatic action
4 manuals, 110 registers, 90 stops, 114 ranks
From 1995-96, the Austin organ was rebuilt, enlarged, and tonally revised by Bruce Shultz of Bruce Shultz and Associates of Philadelphia. Several stops from the 1917-1940 Ernest M. Skinner organ were incorporated in the four-manual instrument. |
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes
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16 |
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Violone (ext.) + |
12 |
1 3/5 |
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8 |
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Principal + |
61 |
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Fourniture IV ranks + |
244 |
8 |
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Bourdon + |
61 |
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Scharf III ranks + |
183 |
8 |
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Viola + |
61 |
16 |
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Contre Bombarde + |
61 |
4 |
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Octave + |
61 |
8 |
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Trompette + |
61 |
4 |
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Nachthorn + |
61 |
8 |
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Basson + |
61 |
2 2/3 |
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Octave Quint + |
61 |
4 |
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Clairon Harmonique + |
61 |
2 |
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Super Octave + |
61 |
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Chimes |
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Flûte Conique |
61 |
2 |
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Doublette + * |
61 |
8 |
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Diapason Conique + |
61 |
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Sesquialtera II ranks + |
122 |
8 |
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Rohrflöte + |
61 |
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Plein Jeu IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
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Flûte Conique * |
61 |
16 |
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Bombarde + |
61 |
8 |
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Flûte Celeste (TC) * |
49 |
8 |
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Trompette + |
61 |
8 |
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Viola da Gamba + |
61 |
8 |
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Hautbois + |
61 |
8 |
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Voix Celeste (TC) + |
49 |
8 |
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Vox Humana |
61 |
8 |
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Viol d'amour + * |
61 |
4 |
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Clairon |
61 |
8 |
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Viol Celeste (TC) + * |
49 |
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Tremulant |
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4 |
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Principal + |
61 |
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4 |
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Harmonic Flute + |
61 |
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Cymbelstern |
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Geigen Principal + |
61 |
2 |
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Blockflöte + |
61 |
8 |
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Gedeckt + * |
61 |
1 3/5 |
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Tierce + |
61 |
8 |
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Gemshorn + * |
61 |
8 |
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Trompette Harmonique + |
61 |
8 |
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Erzähler Celeste (TC) + * |
49 |
8 |
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Orchestral Oboe + |
61 |
8 |
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Kleine Erzähler II ranks * |
110 |
8 |
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Krummhorn + |
61 |
4 |
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Montre |
61 |
8 |
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Tuba Mirabilis + |
SO |
4 |
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Waldflöte + |
61 |
4 |
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Tuba Clairon + |
SO |
2 2/3 |
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Nazard + |
61 |
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Tremulant |
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Positive Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes
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8 |
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Holzgedeckt + |
61 |
1 |
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Sifflöte |
61 |
4 |
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Nason Flute + |
61 |
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Scharf IV ranks |
244 |
2 |
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Oktav |
61 |
8 |
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Rohr Schalmei + |
61 |
1 1/3 |
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Quint |
61 |
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Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Clear Flute + |
61 |
8 |
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English Horn + |
61 |
8 |
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Violoncello + |
61 |
8 |
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French Horn * |
61 |
8 |
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Cello Celeste + * |
61 |
8 |
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Clarinet + |
61 |
4 |
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Concert Flute + |
61 |
8 |
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Tuba Mirabilis + [20" w.p.] |
61 |
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Grand Chorus V ranks |
305 |
4 |
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Bombarde Clairon |
61 |
16 |
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Bombarde + |
61 |
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Tremulant |
|
8 |
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Bombarde + |
61 |
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Pedal Organ – 32 notes
|
32 |
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Contra Bourdon (ext.) + * |
12 |
4 |
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Waldflöte |
32 |
16 |
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Contra Bass * |
32 |
2 |
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Choral Bass (ext.) + |
12 |
16 |
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Bourdon * |
32 |
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Mixture IV ranks + |
128 |
16 |
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Double Open Diapason + |
32 |
32 |
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Contre Bombarde + * |
SO |
16 |
|
Violone + |
GT |
16 |
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Bombarde + |
SO |
10 2/3 |
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Gross Quint + |
32 |
16 |
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Bombarde + |
GT |
8 |
|
Principal |
32 |
16 |
|
Tuba Magna + |
SO |
8 |
|
Bourdon |
32 |
8 |
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Tuba Mirabilis + |
SO |
8 |
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Major Bass + |
32 |
8 |
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Bombarde + |
GT |
8 |
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Viola + |
GT |
4 |
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Clairon + |
GT |
4 |
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Choral Bass + |
32 |
4 |
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Tuba Clairon + |
SO |
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Antiphonal Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes
|
8 |
|
Principal |
61 |
2 |
|
Spitz Fifteenth |
61 |
8 |
|
Pommer Gedeckt |
61 |
1 1/3 |
|
Quint |
61 |
4 |
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Prestant |
61 |
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Mixture III ranks |
183 |
4 |
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Flûte Ouverte |
61 |
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Antiphonal Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
8 |
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Salicional |
61 |
|
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Plein Jeu III ranks |
183 |
8 |
|
Rohrflöte |
61 |
8 |
|
Cor Anglais + [free reeds] |
61 |
8 |
|
Dulciana |
61 |
|
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Tremulant |
|
8 |
|
Unda Maris (TC) |
49 |
8 |
|
Trompette en Chamade + |
61 |
4 |
|
Octave |
61 |
|
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[unenclosed] |
|
4 |
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Spitzflöte + |
61 |
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Antiphonal Pedal Organ – 32 notes
|
16 |
|
Salicional |
A-SW |
8 |
|
Gedeckt |
A-SW |
16 |
|
Gedeckt |
A-SW |
4 |
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Super Octave |
A-GT |
8 |
|
Prestant |
A-GT |
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* from E.M. Skinner organ, Op. 280 (1917, 1940) |
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+ new/revoiced stop by Bruce Shultz (1995-96) |
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Austin Organs Inc.
Hartford, Conn. – Opus 2400 (1963)
Electro-pneumatic action
4 manuals, 99 registers, 77 stops, 104 ranks
In 1963, an entirely new organ was built by Austin Organs of Hartford. Several stops from the 1917/1940 Ernest M. Skinner organ were incorporated into the four-manual 106-rank instrument.
The Brick Church organ was one of a "quartet" of large and important Austin organs installed in 1961 in New York City, the others being at the Church of the Heavenly Rest (Op. 1586-B), Fifth Avenue Presbyterian (Op. 2347), and First Presbyterian (Op. 2408). |
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes
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16 |
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Contra Gemshorn |
73 |
2 2/3 |
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Octave Quint |
61 |
8 |
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Principal |
61 |
2 |
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Super Octave |
61 |
8 |
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Bourdon |
61 |
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Fourniture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
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Gemshorn (fr. 16') |
— |
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Scharf III ranks |
183 |
4 |
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Octave |
61 |
8 |
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Trompete |
61 |
4 |
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Nachthorn |
61 |
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Lieblich Gedeckt |
80 |
4 |
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Waldflöte * |
68 |
8 |
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Geigen Principal |
68 |
2 |
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Octavin |
61 |
8 |
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Rohrflöte (fr. 16') |
— |
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Sesquialtera II ranks |
122 |
8 |
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Viole de Gambe |
68 |
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Plein Jeu IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
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Voix Celeste (GG) |
61 |
16 |
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Fagotto |
68 |
8 |
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Flute Conique |
68 |
8 |
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Trompette |
68 |
8 |
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Flute Celeste (TC) |
56 |
8 |
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Hautbois |
68 |
8 |
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Viol d'amour * |
68 |
4 |
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Clairon |
68 |
8 |
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Viol Celeste (TC) * |
56 |
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4 |
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Principal |
68 |
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Tremulant |
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Quintaten |
68 |
2 |
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Blockflöte |
61 |
8 |
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Viola |
68 |
1 3/5 |
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Tierce |
61 |
8 |
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Holzgedeckt |
68 |
16 |
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Rankett |
68 |
8 |
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Erzähler |
68 |
8 |
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Krummhorn |
68 |
8 |
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Kleine Erzähler II ranks * |
124 |
4 |
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Rohr Schalmei |
68 |
4 |
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Montre |
68 |
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Tremulant |
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4 |
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Spitzflöte |
68 |
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Harp |
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2 2/3 |
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Nazard |
61 |
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Positive Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes
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8 |
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Nason Flute |
61 |
1 |
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Sifflöte |
61 |
4 |
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Koppelflöte |
61 |
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Scharf IV ranks |
244 |
2 |
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Oktav |
61 |
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Cymbel III ranks |
183 |
1 1/3 |
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Quint |
61 |
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Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Orchestral Flute |
68 |
8 |
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English Horn |
68 |
8 |
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Violoncello |
68 |
8 |
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French Horn * |
68 |
8 |
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Cello Celeste * |
68 |
8 |
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Bombarde |
68 |
4 |
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Concert Flute |
68 |
4 |
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Bombarde Clarion |
68 |
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Grand Chorus V ranks |
305 |
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Tremulant |
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Pedal Organ – 32 notes
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32 |
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Contra Bourdon * |
56 |
4 |
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Waldflöte |
32 |
16 |
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Contra Bass * |
32 |
2 |
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Choral Bass (fr. 4') |
— |
16 |
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Bourdon (fr. 32') * |
— |
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Mixture IV ranks |
128 |
16 |
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Gemshorn |
GT |
32 |
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Contre Bombarde (ext. SO) * |
12 |
16 |
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Quintaten |
CH |
16 |
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Posaune |
44 |
16 |
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Lieblich Gedeckt |
SW |
16 |
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Bombarde (ext. SO) * |
12 |
8 |
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Principal |
32 |
16 |
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Fagotto |
SW |
8 |
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Bourdon (fr. 32') * |
— |
16 |
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Rankett |
CH |
8 |
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Gemshorn |
GT |
8 |
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Posaune (fr. 16') |
— |
8 |
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Rohrflöte |
SW |
4 |
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Rohr Schalmei |
CH |
4 |
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Choral Bass |
44 |
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Chimes |
GT |
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Antiphonal Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes
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8 |
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Principal |
61 |
2 |
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Spitz Fifteenth |
61 |
8 |
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Pommer Gedeckt |
61 |
1 1/3 |
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Quint |
61 |
4 |
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Prestant |
61 |
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Mixture III ranks |
183 |
4 |
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Flute Ouverte |
61 |
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Antiphonal Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Rohrflöte |
68 |
4 |
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Harmonic Flute |
68 |
8 |
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Salicional |
68 |
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Plein Jeu III ranks |
183 |
8 |
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Dulciana |
68 |
8 |
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Trompette |
68 |
8 |
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Unda Maris (TC) |
56 |
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Tremulant |
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4 |
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Octave |
68 |
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Antiphonal Pedal Organ – 32 notes
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16 |
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Salicional [ext. A-SW] |
12 |
8 |
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Gedeckt |
A-SW |
16 |
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Gedeckt [ext. A-SW] |
12 |
4 |
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Super Octave |
A-GT |
8 |
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Principal |
A-GT |
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* from E.M. Skinner organ, Op. 280 (1917, 1940) |
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Organ moved from the church located on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street:
Ernest M. Skinner & Son Company
Methuen, Mass. (1940)
Electro-pneumatic action
4 manuals, 125 registers, 80 stops, 92 ranks
The first organ in the present building was originally built in 1917 by the Ernest M. Skinner Company of Boston for the Brick Church building on Fifth Avenue. In 1940, the organ was rebuilt with a new four-manual console and installed in the new building by Ernest M. Skinner & Son Company of Methuen, Mass. The rebuilt organ was dedicated on December 10, 1940, with a recital by Dr. Clarence Dickinson, assisted by the Brick Church Motet Choir and the Chapel Choir of Union Theological Seminary.
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Diapason |
61 |
4 |
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Flute Harmonique |
61 |
8 |
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First Diapason |
61 |
4 |
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Octave |
61 |
8 |
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Second Diapason |
61 |
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Grave Mixture II ranks |
122 |
8 |
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Third Diapason |
CH |
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Mixture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
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Stentorphone |
61 |
8 |
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Flugel Horn |
CH |
8 |
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Erzahler |
61 |
16 |
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Ophicleide |
SO |
8 |
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Gamba |
SO |
8 |
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Trumpet |
SO |
8 |
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Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
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Tuba |
SO |
8 |
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Dulciana |
CH |
4 |
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Clarion |
SO |
8 |
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Harmonic Flute |
61 |
8 |
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Harp (TC) |
CH |
8 |
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Waldflote |
SO |
4 |
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Celesta |
CH |
8 |
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Concert Flute |
CH |
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Chimes |
EC |
8 |
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Flute Celeste |
CH |
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Bourdon |
73 |
4 |
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Violina |
73 |
8 |
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First Diapason |
73 |
4 |
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Flute Harmonique |
73 |
8 |
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Second Diapason |
73 |
4 |
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Octave |
73 |
8 |
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Salicional |
73 |
2 |
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Flautino |
61 |
8 |
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Viole d'Orchestre |
73 |
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Cornet III ranks |
183 |
8 |
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Voix Celeste |
73 |
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Mixture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
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Orchestral Strings |
— |
16 |
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Contra Posaune |
73 |
8 |
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Viole d'Amour |
73 |
8 |
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Cornopean |
73 |
8 |
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Unda Maris |
73 |
8 |
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Oboe |
73 |
8 |
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Clarabella |
73 |
8 |
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Vox Humana (sep. box) |
61 |
8 |
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Gedeckt |
73 |
4 |
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Clarion |
73 |
8 |
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Spitzflote |
73 |
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Tremolo |
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8 |
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Flute Celeste |
73 |
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Gemshorn |
73 |
1 1/7 |
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Septieme |
61 |
16 |
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Contra Gamba |
73 |
2 |
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Piccolo |
61 |
8 |
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Diapason |
73 |
16 |
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Fagotto |
73 |
8 |
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Dolce |
73 |
8 |
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Clarinet |
73 |
8 |
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Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
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Flugel Horn |
73 |
8 |
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Dulciana |
73 |
8 |
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English Horn |
SO |
8 |
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Kleine Erzähler |
73 |
8 |
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French Horn |
SO |
8 |
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Concert Flute |
73 |
8 |
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Tuba Mirabilis |
SO |
8 |
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Quintadena |
73 |
8 |
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Harp (TC) |
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4 |
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Flute d'Amour |
73 |
4 |
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Celesta |
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2 2/3 |
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Nazard |
61 |
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Tremolo |
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1 3/5 |
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Tierce |
61 |
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Choir Echo Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Gedeckt |
— |
8 |
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Flugel Horn |
— |
8 |
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Vox Angelica II ranks |
— |
8 |
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Vox Humana |
— |
8 |
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Chimney Flute |
— |
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Mixture III ranks |
— |
16 |
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Pedal Bourdon |
— |
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Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Diapason |
73 |
8 |
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English Horn |
73 |
8 |
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Stentorphone |
73 |
8 |
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French Horn |
73 |
8 |
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Harmonic Flute |
73 |
16 |
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Ophicleide |
73 |
8 |
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Gamba |
73 |
8 |
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Trumpet |
73 |
8 |
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Gamba Celeste |
73 |
8 |
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Tuba |
73 |
8 |
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Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
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Tuba Mirabilis |
73 |
4 |
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Solo Flute |
73 |
4 |
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Clarion |
73 |
8 |
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Musette |
73 |
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Tremolo |
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8 |
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Orchestral Oboe |
73 |
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Solo Echo Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Gedeckt |
73 |
8 |
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Flugel Horn |
73 |
8 |
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Vox Angelica II ranks |
134 |
8 |
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Vox Humana |
61 |
8 |
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Chimney Flute |
73 |
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Mixture III ranks |
183 |
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Tremolo |
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16 |
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Pedal Bourdon |
12 |
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Orchestral Strings (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed
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8 |
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Gross Gamba |
73 |
8 |
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Viole Celeste |
73 |
8 |
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Gamba Celeste |
73 |
4 |
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Octave |
73 |
8 |
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Viole d'Orchestre |
73 |
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Tremolo |
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N.B. The Orchestral Strings was a separate string organ of five ranks of various scales and voicing tuned as a large celeste and in its own box, which was controlled automatically by the swell shoe of the manual on which the strings were drawn. If drawn on two or more manuals at the same time, the Swell Organ shoe would control this box. The tremolo of each manual controlled its tremolo. |
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Pedal Organ – 32 notes, enclosed
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32 |
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Bourdon |
68 |
8 |
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Still Gedeckt |
SW |
32 |
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Resultant |
— |
8 |
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Cello |
CH |
16 |
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Diapason I |
44 |
5 1/3 |
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Quint Bass (fr. 32') |
— |
16 |
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Diapason II |
GT |
4 |
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Flute (fr. 32') |
— |
16 |
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Violone |
32 |
32 |
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Bombarde |
56 |
16 |
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Gemshorn |
CH |
16 |
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Trombone (fr. 32' Bomb.) |
— |
16 |
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Bourdon (fr. 32') |
— |
16 |
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Contra Posaune |
SW |
16 |
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Lieblich Gedeckt |
SW |
16 |
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Fagotto |
CH |
16 |
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Echo Bourdon |
32 |
8 |
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Tromba (fr. 32' Bomb.) |
— |
16 |
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Gamba |
CH |
8 |
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Tuba |
SO |
8 |
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Octave (fr. Diapason I) |
— |
4 |
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Clarion |
SO |
8 |
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Gemshorn |
CH |
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Chimes |
EC |
8 |
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Gedeckt (fr. 32') |
— |
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Couplers
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Swell to Pedal 8', 4' |
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Solo to Choir 8" |
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Great to Pedal 8' |
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Swell to Solo 16', 8', 4' |
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Choir to Pedal 8', 4' |
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Great to Solo 8' |
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Solo to Pedal 8', 4' |
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Choir to Solo 16', 8', 4' |
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Swell to Great 16', 8', 4' |
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Great to Great 16', 4' |
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Choir to Great 16', 8', 4' |
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Swell to Swell 16', 4' |
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Solo to Great 16', 8', 4' |
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Choir to Choir 16', 4' |
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Solo to Swell 8' |
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Solo to Solo 16', 4' |
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Swell to Choir 16', 8', 4' |
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Pedal Divide for Swell & Solo to Pedal |
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Reversibles
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Great to Pedal |
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Swell to Pedal |
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Solo to Pedal |
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Solo to Great |
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Choir to Pedal |
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Combination Pistons
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Solo |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 (thumb) |
Swell |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 (thumb & toe) |
Great |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 (thumb) |
Choir |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 (thumb) |
Pedal |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 (toe) |
Couplers |
Pistons 1-2-3-4 (thumb) |
General |
Pistons 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11 (thumb) |
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Mechanicals
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Solo, Swell, Great, and Choir Unison On and Off |
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Harp Damper On and Off |
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Pedal 32' Silenced |
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Manual 16' Silenced |
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Pedal On and Off combinations on each manual |
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Great & Choir swell pedals to Solo pedal by pedal reversible |
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Solo, Swell, Great and Choir swell pedals |
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Swell Pedal for entire organ |
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Crescendo Pedal, Crescendo Indicator |
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Sforzando by piston or by pedal |
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Organ in church located on Park Avenue and 85th Street: Hilborne L. Roosevelt
New York City – Opus 300 (1886)
Tubular-pneumatic chests
Mechanical key action
3 manuals, 40 stops, 47 ranks
The Hilborne L. Roosevelt organ in the Park Avenue Presbyterian Church was a rebuild of the 1860 Thomas Robjohn organ built for the South Dutch Reformed Church located at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 21st Street. In 1911, the organ was moved to the new South church building on Park Avenue. |
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 58 notes
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16 |
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Double Open Diapason |
58 |
4 |
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Flute Harmonique * |
58 |
8 |
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Open Diapason |
58 |
2 2/3 |
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Octave Quint * |
58 |
8 |
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Bell Diapason |
58 |
2 |
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Super Octave * |
58 |
8 |
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Viola di Gamba |
58 |
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Mixture 4 ranks * |
232 |
8 |
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Doppel Flöte |
58 |
8 |
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Trumpet * |
58 |
4 |
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Octave * |
58 |
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* enclosed in Choir swell-box
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 58 notes, enclosed
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16 |
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Bourdon, Treble and Bass |
58 |
4 |
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Hohl Flöte |
58 |
8 |
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Open Diapason |
58 |
4 |
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Flageolet |
58 |
8 |
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Flute à Pavillon |
58 |
2 |
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Cornet 3, 4 & 5 ranks |
230 |
8 |
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Salicional |
58 |
16 |
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Contra Fagotto |
58 |
8 |
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Dolce |
58 |
8 |
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Cornopean |
58 |
8 |
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Stopped Diapason |
58 |
8 |
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Oboe |
58 |
4 |
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Octave |
58 |
8 |
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Vox Humana |
58 |
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 58 notes, enclosed
|
8 |
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Geigen Principal |
58 |
4 |
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Fugara |
58 |
8 |
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Dulciana |
58 |
4 |
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Flute d'Amour |
58 |
8 |
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Concert Flute |
58 |
2 |
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Piccolo Harmonique |
58 |
8 |
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Quintadena |
58 |
8 |
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Clarinet |
58 |
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Pedal Organ – 30 notes
|
16 |
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Open Diapason |
30 |
8 |
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Violoncello |
30 |
16 |
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Dulciana |
30 |
8 |
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Flute |
30 |
16 |
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Bourdon |
30 |
16 |
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Trombone |
30 |
10 2/3 |
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Quint |
30 |
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The organ case in 1937 |
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Skinner console prior to removal |
Organ in church located on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street
Ernest M. Skinner Company
Boston, Mass. – Opus 280 (1917)
Electro-pneumatic action
4 manuals, 119 registers, 75 stops, 87 ranks
In 1917, the Ernest M. Skinner Company of Boston built a new four-manual organ, retaining the 1898 George S. Hutchings organ case. An unusual feature of this organ was the set of Master expression shutters that controlled the entire organ. Clarence Dickinson played the dedicatory recital in November 1918. When the new church building on Park Avenue was built in 1940, E.M. Skinner & Son was contracted to move and rebuild the 1917 organ.
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Dr. Clarence Dickinson |
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It was under the leadership of Dr. Clarence Dickinson, who was organist and choirmaster from 1909-1960, that the church's music program rose to national prominence. Dr. Dickinson, along with his wife, Dr. Helen Dickinson, founded the School of Sacred Music at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. |
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
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Diapason |
61 |
8 |
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Flute Celeste |
CH |
8 |
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First Diapason |
61 |
8 |
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Dulciana |
CH |
8 |
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Second Diapason |
61 |
4 |
|
Octave |
61 |
8 |
|
Third Diapason |
CH |
4 |
|
Flute Harmonique |
61 |
8 |
|
Stentorphone |
SO |
|
|
Mixture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
|
Philomela |
SO |
16 |
|
Ophicleide |
SO |
8 |
|
Grossflote |
61 |
8 |
|
Trumpet |
SO |
8 |
|
Waldflote |
61 |
8 |
|
Tuba |
SO |
8 |
|
Erzahler |
61 |
4 |
|
Clarion |
SO |
8 |
|
Orchestral Strings |
— |
|
|
Harp |
CH |
8 |
|
Gamba |
SO |
|
|
Celesta |
CH |
8 |
|
Concert Flute |
CH |
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
|
Bourdon |
73 |
8 |
|
Flute Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
First Diapason |
73 |
4 |
|
Octave |
73 |
8 |
|
Second Diapason |
73 |
4 |
|
Flute Harmonique |
73 |
8 |
|
Clarabella |
73 |
2 |
|
Piccolo Harmonique |
61 |
8 |
|
Gedeckt |
73 |
|
|
Mixture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
|
Salicional |
73 |
16 |
|
Contra Posaune |
73 |
8 |
|
Viole d'Orchestre |
73 |
8 |
|
Cornopean |
73 |
8 |
|
Voix Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
Oboe |
73 |
8 |
|
Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
|
Vox Humana (sep. box) |
61 |
8 |
|
Viole d'Amour |
73 |
4 |
|
Clarion |
73 |
8 |
|
Unda Maris |
73 |
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Tremolo |
|
8 |
|
Spitzflote |
73 |
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
|
Contra Gamba |
73 |
2 |
|
Piccolo |
61 |
8 |
|
Diapason |
73 |
16 |
|
Fagotto |
73 |
8 |
|
Concert Flute |
73 |
8 |
|
Clarinet |
73 |
8 |
|
Flute Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
Flugel Horn |
73 |
8 |
|
Quintadena |
73 |
8 |
|
English Horn |
SO |
8 |
|
Dulcet II ranks |
146 |
8 |
|
Orchestral Oboe |
SO |
8 |
|
Dulciana |
73 |
8 |
|
French Horn |
SO |
8 |
|
Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
|
Tuba Mirabilis |
SO |
8 |
|
Kleine Erzahler II ranks |
146 |
|
|
Tremolo |
|
4 |
|
Flute d'Amour |
73 |
|
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Harp |
|
2 2/3 |
|
Nazard |
61 |
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Celesta |
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Choir Echo Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
8 |
|
Gedeckt |
— |
8 |
|
Flugel Horn |
— |
8 |
|
Vox Angelica II ranks |
— |
|
|
Chimes |
— |
8 |
|
Chimney Flute |
— |
16 |
|
Pedal Bourdon |
— |
|
|
Mixture III ranks |
— |
|
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Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
8 |
|
Stentorphone |
73 |
8 |
|
Tuba |
73 |
8 |
|
Philomela (ext. PED) |
17 |
8 |
|
Trumpet |
73 |
8 |
|
Gamba |
73 |
8 |
|
French Horn |
73 |
8 |
|
Gamba Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
English Horn |
73 |
8 |
|
Orchestral Strings |
— |
8 |
|
Musette |
73 |
8 |
|
Solo Flute |
73 |
8 |
|
Orchestral Oboe |
73 |
|
|
Mixture III ranks |
183 |
4 |
|
Clarion |
73 |
16 |
|
Ophicleide |
73 |
|
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Tremolo |
|
8 |
|
Tuba Mirabilis |
73 |
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Solo Echo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
|
Bourdon |
61 |
8 |
|
Flugel Horn |
61 |
8 |
|
Gedeckt |
61 |
8 |
|
Vox Humana |
61 |
8 |
|
Vox Angelica II ranks |
122 |
|
|
Tremolo |
|
4 |
|
Chimney Flute |
61 |
|
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|
|
|
Mixture III ranks |
183 |
16 |
|
Pedal Bourdon |
EC |
|
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|
Orchestral Strings (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
8 |
|
Gross Gamba |
73 |
8 |
|
Viole Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
Gamba Celeste |
73 |
8 |
|
Vox Humana |
73 |
8 |
|
Viole d'Orchestre |
73 |
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Tremolo |
|
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N.B. The Orchestral Strings was a separate string organ of five ranks of various scales and voicing tuned as a large celeste and in its own box, which was controlled automatically by the swell shoe of the manual on which the strings were drawn. If drawn on two or more manuals at the same time, the Swell Organ shoe would control this box. The tremolo of each manual controlled its tremolo. |
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Pedal Organ – 32 notes, enclosed
|
32 |
|
Bourdon |
68 |
8 |
|
Cello |
SW |
32 |
|
Resultant |
— |
8 |
|
Gamba |
CH |
16 |
|
Diapason I |
44 |
4 |
|
Flute |
— |
16 |
|
Diapason II |
GT |
32 |
|
Bombarde |
56 |
16 |
|
Bourdon (fr. 32') |
— |
16 |
|
Trombone (fr. 32' Bomb.) |
— |
16 |
|
Violone |
32 |
16 |
|
Contra Posaune |
SW |
16 |
|
Echo Bourdon |
32 |
16 |
|
Fagotto |
CH |
16 |
|
Lieblich Gedeckt |
SW |
8 |
|
Tromba (fr. 32' Bomb.) |
— |
16 |
|
Gamba |
CH |
8 |
|
Tuba |
SO |
8 |
|
Octave (fr. Diapason I) |
— |
4 |
|
Clarion |
SO |
8 |
|
Gedeckt (fr. 32') |
— |
|
|
Chimes |
EC |
8 |
|
Still Gedeckt |
SW |
|
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Organ in church located on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street:
George S. Hutchings
Boston, Mass. – Opus 428 (1898)
Electro-pneumatic action
3 manuals, 45 stops, 50 ranks
In 1898, as a thank-offering for the first fifteen years of ministry by Dr. van Dyke, the pastor, the rear gallery and organ were greatly enlarged. George S. Hutchings of Boston was contracted to build their Opus 428, a modern three-manual organ having electro-pneumatic action and fifty ranks.
The organ was controlled by a Hutchings Patented Movable Console, often referred to as a "bat-wing" console due to its hinged stop jambs on either side of the keyboards; the jambs could be pulled in toward the keyboards in order to close the rolltop cover.
Following are the original published specifications along with suggested pipecounts based on Hutchings organs of the era. By 1904 the organ had been altered slightly — including the addition of a pair of undulating strings in the Choir and a 32' Resultant in the Pedal — as listed in a 1904 program given by Archer Gibson, organist of the church.
In 1917, the Hutchings organ was replaced by a new organ built by the Ernest M. Skinner Company, his Op. 280. Skinner rebuilt the Hutchings organ and provided a new console (as Op. 279) before moving it to Trinity Episcopal Church in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. |
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Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes
|
16 |
|
Open Diapason |
61 |
4 |
|
Octave |
61 |
8 |
|
First Open Diapason |
61 |
4 |
|
Hohl Flute |
61 |
8 |
|
Second Open Diapason |
61 |
|
|
Octave Quinte |
61 |
8 |
|
Viola d'Amour |
61 |
2 |
|
Super Octave |
61 |
8 |
|
Gross Gamba |
61 |
|
|
Mixture IV ranks |
244 |
8 |
|
Doppel Flote |
61 |
8 |
|
Trumpet |
61 |
|
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|
|
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Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
|
Bourdon Bass |
12 |
4 |
|
Gemshorn |
61 |
16 |
|
Bourdon Treble (TC) |
49 |
4 |
|
Flute Harmonique |
61 |
8 |
|
Open Diapason |
61 |
2 |
|
Flageolet |
61 |
8 |
|
Salicional |
61 |
|
|
Dolce Cornet III ranks |
183 |
8 |
|
Æoline |
61 |
16 |
|
Contra Fagotto |
61 |
8 |
|
Vox Celestis |
61 |
8 |
|
Cornopean |
61 |
8 |
|
Stopped Diapason |
61 |
8 |
|
Oboe |
61 |
8 |
|
Spitz Flute |
61 |
8 |
|
Vox Humana |
61 |
|
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Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed
|
16 |
|
Contra Gamba |
61 |
4 |
|
Fugara |
61 |
8 |
|
Open Diapason |
61 |
4 |
|
Flute d'Amour |
61 |
8 |
|
Dolce |
61 |
2 |
|
Piccolo Harmonique |
61 |
8 |
|
Concert Flute |
61 |
8 |
|
Clarinet |
61 |
8 |
|
Quintadena |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pedal Organ – 30 notes |
16 |
|
Open Diapason |
30 |
8 |
|
Violoncello |
30 |
16 |
|
Violone |
30 |
8 |
|
Gedackt |
30 |
16 |
|
Bourdon |
30 |
16 |
|
Trombone |
30 |
10 2/3 |
|
Quinte |
30 |
8 |
|
Tromba |
30 |
8 |
|
Flote |
30 |
|
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Couplers
(Oscillating tablets)
|
|
|
Swell to Great 8' |
|
Great to Pedal |
|
|
Swell to Swell 4' |
|
Great Separation |
|
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Swell to Swell 16' |
|
Choir to Great 8' |
|
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Swell to Choir 8' |
|
Choir to Great 16' |
|
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Swell to Pedal |
|
Choir to Pedal |
|
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Great to Great 4' |
|
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Adjustable Combinations
|
|
|
Four and Release operating on Great and Pedal stops |
|
|
Five and Release operating on Swell and Pedal stops |
|
|
Three and Release operating on Choir and Pedal stops |
|
|
General Release |
|
|
Pedal Release |
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Pedal Movements
|
|
|
Great to Pedal Reversible |
|
Balanced Swell Pedal |
|
|
Full Organ Pedal controlling entire organ |
|
Balanced Choir Pedal |
|
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Swell Tremolo |
|
Balanced Crescendo Pedal |
|
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Choir Tremolo |
|
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|
 |
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Richard M. Ferris Organ (1858) |
Organ in church located on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street: Richard M. Ferris
New York City (1858)
Mechanical action
2 manuals, 32 stops
Rebuilt and moved by William J. Stuart (ca. 1866)
Moved to rear gallery by Hilborne L. Roosevelt (1883)
When the new Brick Church was built on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street in Murray Hill, "... it had been determined that the violoncello should no longer supply the church’s music. This innovation, which the trustees had early made a part of their plans, was, it is interesting to know, heartily desired by the congregation and by the session, 'in the hope,' as they said, 'of adding interest to the public worship of the sanctuary.' The debated question in regard to the organ, therefore, was not whether there should be one, but where it should be placed, some favoring the front of the church above the entrance, and others at the west end behind the pulpit." The decision was made to place the church's first organ in a small gallery above and behind the pulpit. Built in 1858 by Richard M. Ferris of New York City, the organ had two manuals and 32 stops, and cost $2,300.
Only a few years later (ca. 1866) the church desired a quartette to replace the single chorister. “No proper space had been provided in the new church for a choir, even of four voices, and it was at first thought that the best way of dealing with this difficulty would be to open an entirely new gallery under the tower at the east end of the church. But Mr. Thomas, the architect, recommended a less costly change, by which the gallery behind the pulpit might still be utilized. Under his supervision the columns, whose arrangement had interfered with that gallery’s use, were now moved to their present positions, providing a clear space of ten feet in the centre. Here it was designed that the quartette should stand, while the organ, considerably enlarged (“reconstructed by Mr. William J. Stewart” [sic] of Albany), was moved back as far as was necessary, a certain portion of the room in the rear being appropriated for this purpose. When these structural changes had been made, a quartette was engaged and a new era in the history of worship in the Brick Church had begun. The trustees had dealt with the matter in a generous spirit and provided out of the church treasury the additional sum which the change involved. The music, which had been costing $1,400, now called for $2,500. By 1869, the annual cost of the music had come to be nearly $4,000.
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Ferris & Stuart Organ as moved by Hilborne L. Roosevelt (1883) |
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During the months of June–October 1883, the notably plain Meetinghouse-style church was extensively decorated by artist John La Farge “and executed by Miss Tillinghast” at a cost of $30,000–$40,000. One important change made at this time was the removal of the organ and choir from the gallery above and behind the pulpit (where the spaces between the columns were filled in with mosaic-covered walls) to a new gallery opened at the east (main entrance) end of the church. The church engaged Hilborne L. Roosevelt, noted organ builder of New York City, to move the organ, but Roosevelt did not assign an opus number to this job. For an unknown reason, Mr. Roosevelt had to sue the church in order to be paid the $900 owed him.
Specifications for these organs have not yet been located. |
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Organ in Lecture Room of church located on Fifth Avenue at 37th Street:
Unknown Builder
(1872)
In 1872, a small pipe organ was erected in the Lecture Room of the "Chapel” building located behind the church. The specification for this organ has not yet been located. |
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Sources:
Aeolian-Skinner Archives website: http://aeolianskinner.organsociety.org/
Archive of the City of New York. Hilborne L. Roosevelt sues Brick Church for non-payment of $900.
"The Brick Presbyterian Church Sanctuary Organ," program booklet published by The Brick Church, 2005.
Brick Presbyterian Church website: http://brickchurch.org
"Dedicatory Organ Recital by Clarence Dickinson" (December 10, 1940). Program with specifications of Ernest M. Skinner & Son Company organ (1940). New York: The Brick Church, 1940. Courtesy Jonathan Bowen.
Dunlap, David W. From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Holden, Dorothy. The Life and Work of Ernest M. Skinner. Richmond: The Organ Historical Society, 1987. Kinzey, Allen, and Sand Lawn. E.M. Skinner/Aeolian-Skinner Opus List (New Revised Edition). Richmond: The Organ Historical Society, 1997.
Knapp, Shepherd. A History of the Brick Presbyterian Church in the City of New York. New York: The Trustees of the Brick Presbyterian Church, 1908.
Lewis, James. Specifications of George S. Hutchings organ, Op. 428 (1898) from a 1904 recital program given by Archer Gibson, organist of The Brick Church.
Ochse, Orpha. Austin Organs. Richmond: The Organ Historical Society, 2001. Ogasapian, John. Organ Building in New York City: 1700-1900. Braintree: The Organ Literature Foundation, 1977.
Scheer, Stanley. Factory Specifications of Casavant Frères organ, Op. 3837 (2005). Courtesy Jeff Scofield.
Lewis, James. Specifications of George S. Hutchings organ, Op. 428 (1898) from a 1904 recital program given by Archer Gibson, organist of The Brick Church.
Trupiano, Larry. Specifications of George S. Hutchings organ, Op. 428 (1898).
Illustrations:
Knapp, Shepherd. A History of the Brick Presbyterian Church in the City of New York. Various.
Lawson, Steven E. Console of Austin organ, Op. 2400 (1963, 1986).
Lewis, James. Console of George S. Hutchings organ, Op. 428 (1898).
Toth, Keith S. Photos of Casavant Frères organ, Op. 3837 (2005). |
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