click on images to enlarge Temple Emanu-El 1 East 65th Street at Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10021 http://www.emanuelnyc.org/ Sanctuary Organ Specifications: Fifth Avenue at 65th Street (since 1929): ► IV/135 Sebastian Glück, Op. 7 (2002) ► IV/119 Austin Organs, Inc. (1956) ► IV/108 Casavant Frères, Op. 1322 (1929) Fifth Avenue at 43rd Street (1868-1929): ► IV/71 Odell, Op. 386 (1901) ► IV/82 Hall, Labagh & Co. (1868-9) 120 East 12th Street (1854-1868): ► III/43 Henry Erben (1858) • Henry Erben (1848) See also the organs in the Chapel and Auditorium.                 The history of Temple Emanu-El (Hebrew for "God is with us") is a reflection of the Jewish historical experience in America. Though the first Jews to arrive in the New World came as early as 1654, their numbers reached significance only at the midpoint of the nineteenth century. It was during this time that Emanu-El was founded.   56 Chrystie Street (1847-54)   Thirty-three immigrants from Germany, part of a wave of Western European Jews who came to these shores to escape the rigid conservatism of post-Napoleonic Europe, established the Temple in 1845. Consequently, Emanu-El's first place of worship was a rented room on the second floor of a private dwelling at the corner of Grand and Clinton Streets on the Lower East Side. Soon, however, the space became inadequate, and in 1848 Emanu-El moved to Chrystie Street, a few blocks west of its original location. A former Methodist church was purchased and transformed into a Jewish house of prayer and meeting place.     East Twelfth Street (1854-66)   In its first years, Emanu-El grew steadily if not dramatically, and the members remained modest of means. Yet there was sufficient development to warrant another relocation in 1854, this time a little to the north, the Jewish community having begun to move uptown along with the general population. The Congregation acquired a structure at Twelfth Street near Fourth Avenue, which had once housed the Twelfth Street Baptist Church, and refurbished it as a synagogue. Congregation Emanu-El, soon to be known throughout the city as "The Temple," began as a very conservative synagogue. The traditional prayer book was retained with only minor deviations. Men sat in the front rows of the small rented synagogue quarters, women in a section behind them. The wearing of hats and the use of prayer shawls continued. The dietary laws, as well, seem to have been observed. The only significant innovation was the introduction of a choir. Extreme reformist tendencies were not at play in the foundation of Emanu-El. It would appear that the principal purpose of the new congregation was to bring about the creation of an orderly and decorous worship service. Vocal music, but not instrumental, was instituted to beautify the prayer setting. Quiet and order were insisted upon. To give those who understood no Hebrew some part in the Service, a German hymnal was introduced. The sermon, which soon became an important and integral part of the weekly Sabbath Service, was used to educate the laity in the tenets of Judaism.   Fifth Avenue at 43rd Street   In 1868, three years after the conclusion of the Civil War and twenty-three years following the organizing meeting of the Congregation, the members of Emanu-El were at last in a position to erect a sanctuary of their own, at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street, where they would remain for the next fifty-nine years. An imposing building in Moorish style was designed by Leopold Eidlitz and Henry Fernbach. The dedication of the new Temple Emanu-El reflected the substantial economic and financial achievements of New York City's German Jews. Journalists from the city's newspapers took note of the dedication and their reporting reflected admiration. On September 10, 1868, The New York Times announced the next day's event in the following manner: "The latest architectural sensation of this city is the splendid Jewish Temple Emanuel..." A leading New York City German language newspaper said of the Temple in describing the dedication: "The congregation counts the most prominent Jews of New York among its members. Their contributions to the new building, which cost over $650,000, were truly generous." The New York Daily Tribune reported, "This is beyond doubt the most elegant Jewish house of worship in America, and is among the largest religious edifices in the city."     Temple Beth-El In the late 1920s there were two further major events in the history of Emanu-El. One was the consolidation with the influential Reform congregation Temple Beth-El, located at Fifth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. Beth-El claimed among its spiritual leaders Dr. David Einhorn, one of the architects of nineteenth-century Reform Jewish thought, and Dr. Kaufmann Kohler, who left the pulpit in 1903 to become president of Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. The second watershed was the move from Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street, the surroundings having undergone a transformation from a residential to a commercial area. The structural deficiencies of the building itself also made relocation necessary. Property was purchased at Fifth Avenue and Sixty-fifth Street, formerly the site of the John Jacob Astor mansion, and construction began in 1927 on the magnificent new temple which faces Central Park. Designed by architects Robert D. Kohn, Charles Butler, and Clarence Stein, the building is in the Romanesque style of the south of Italy with Moorish influences. The 2,500-seat main sanctuary is 77 feet wide, 147 feet long and 103 feet high, making it the largest Jewish house of worship in the world. The interior is noted for its absence of interior supporting pillars, and has walls decorated with vertical strips of glazed tile. At the east end of the sanctuary is the bima, containing the pulpits for the rabbi and cantor, and the ark, which is depicted as an open Torah scroll. The choir gallery and organ are above the ark, concealed behind columns and screens. Adjacent to the sanctuary is Beth El Chapel, containing a Tiffany window brought from the old Beth El synagogue. In September 1929, the first religious service was conducted in the new sanctuary, just weeks before the stock market crashed.                 Sebastian Glück New York City – Opus 7 (2002) Electro-pneumatic key action Solid State combination action 4 manuals, 114 stops, 135 ranks                 After 70 years of service, steam and water damage required that the original 1926 organ be rebuilt. Sebastian Glück of New York City completely reworked the organ in Symphonic Style, providing a new console, retaining historic 1929 pipework and adding new ranks of pipes.                 Great Organ  (Manual II) – 61 notes 16   Double Open Diapason * 61 4   Harmonic Flute * 61 16   Bourdon * 61 2 2/3   Twelfth * 61 8   First Open Diapason * 61 2   Fifteenth * 61 8   Second Open Diapason * 61     Cornet V ranks [C25-G56] 155 8   Third Open Diapason * 61   Mixture Major V-VII ranks 365 8   Open Flute * 61   Sharp Mixture IV ranks 244 8   Chimney Flute * 61 16   Double Trumpet 61 8   Gemshorn * 61 8   Trumpet 61 4   Principal * 61 4   Clarion 61 4   Octave * 61                         Swell Organ  (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Bourdon Doux * 73 4   Violina * 73 8   Open Diapason * 73 2   Piccolo * 61 8   Stopped Diapason * 73     Sesquialtera I-II ranks 110 8   Flûte Harmonique 73   Clear Mixture III ranks 183 8   Viole de Gambe * 73   Full Mixture III-IV ranks 220 8   Voix Céleste 73 16   Bombarde Harmonique 73 8   Æoline * 73 8   Trompette Harmonique 73 8   Flûte Conique * 73 8   Hautbois * 73 8   Flûte Celeste * 73 8   Voix Humaine * 73 4   Principal * 73  4   Clairon Harmonique 73 4   Flauto Traverso 73     Tremulant                   Choir Organ  (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Gemshorn 73 2   Recorder 61 8   Open Diapason 73 1 3/5   Tierce 61 8   Melodia 73   Mixture III ranks 219 8   Gamba 73 16   Bassoon 73 8   Gamba Céleste 73 8   Trumpet 73 8   Dolce 73 8   Clarinet 73 8   Dolce Céleste 73 4   Clarion 73 4   Principal 73     Celesta* [Deagan] 61 bars 4   Chimney Flute 73     Tremulant   2 2/3   Nazard 61                         Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed 8   Stentorphone * 73 8   Trompette Harmonique 73 8   Major Open Flute * 73 8   French Horn * 73 8   Violoncello * 73 8   English Horn * [free reeds] 73 4   Fugara * 73 8   Orchestral Oboe * 73     Grand Chorus V ranks 305 4   Clarion Harmonique 73     Harmonics V ranks * 365     Tremulant 16   Bombarde Harmonique 73                         Orchestral String Ensemble (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Contra Gamba * 73 8   Third Violin * [flat] 73 8   Grand Gamba * 73 4   Viola * 73 8   Grand Gamba Céleste * 73 4   Viola Céleste * 73 8   First Violin * 73     Cornet des Violes V ranks * 365 8   Second Violin * [sharp] 73   Tremulant                   Tuba Organ – 61 notes 4   Tuning Reference 12         16   Chazozerot [TC] —         8   Chazozerot 61         4   Chazozerot —                         Echo Organ  (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed   Echo Pedal Organ 8   Open Diapason * 73 16   Sub Bass * 32 8   Cor de Nuit * 73 8   Principal 32 8   Viole Ætheria * 73 8   Stopped Flute * [ext.] 12 8   Vox Mystica * 73         4   Spire Flute * 73         8   Shofar * 73         8   Musette * 73             Tremulant               Chimes (Deagan) 21 tubes                         Pedal Organ  – 32 notes 32   Grand Open Bass * [ext. ODW] 12 8   Open Flute * [ext.] 12 16   Open Diapason Wood * 32 8   Violoncello * [ext.] 12 16   Open Diapason Metal * GT 8   Stopped Flute * [ext.] 12 16   Violone * 32 4   Fifteenth 32 16   Dulciana * 32 4   Flute * [ext.] 12 16   Gemshorn * CH   Mixture IV ranks 128 16   First Bourdon * 32 32   Contra Trombone * [ext.] 12 16   Second Bourdon * GT 16   Trombone * 32 16   Bourdon Doux * SW 16   Bassoon CH 10 2/3   Quint * 32 8   Trumpet 32 8   Principal 32 4   Clarion 32                 * Original 1929 pipework                 Austin Organs, Inc. Hartford, Conn. (1956) Electro-pneumatic action 4 manuals, 103 stops, 119 ranks In 1956, the Austin Organ Company, under the direction of Richard Piper, undertook a complete rebuilding of the original 1929 Casavant organ, including the console. All diapason choruses were revoiced and new chorus reeds were provided throughout. The Choir division was replaced with new pipework designed to provide the best results in accompanying the choir, heard from behind the pillars above the Bima. A new console, also by Austin, was installed in 1985 but was later damaged by fire.                 Great Organ  (Manual II) – 61 notes 16   Open Diapason 73 2 2/3   Twelfth 61 16   Bourdon 73 2   Fifteenth 61 8   Open Diapason I 73   Mixture V ranks 365 8   Open Diapason II 73     Cymbel III ranks 183 8   Open Diapason III 61 16   Contra Posaune 73 8   Rohrflöte 61 8   Posaune 73 8   Gemshorn 61 4   Clarion 73 8   Octave 61   Chimes EC 4   Principal 73   Celesta CH 4   Flute Harmonic 73     Harp CH                 Swell Organ  (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Echo Bourdon 73 2   Flautino 61 8   Open Diapason 73   Mixture IV ranks 244 8   Gedeckt 73   Cornet V ranks 365 8   Quintadena 73 16   Contra Fagotto 73 8   Viola de Gamba 73 8   French Trumpet 73 8   Voix Celeste 73 8   Oboe 73 8   Aeoline 73 8   Vox Humana 73 8   Flute Conique 73 4   Clarion 73 8   Flute Celeste 73   Chimes EC 4   Principal 73   Celesta CH 4   Violina 73   Harp CH 4   Flauto Traverso 73   Tremulant                 Choir Organ  (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Contra Salicional 73 1 3/5   Tierce 61 8   Diapason 73   Mixture III ranks 219 8   Concert Flute 73 16   Contra Hautbois 73 8   Rohr Flöte 73 8   Trumpet 73 8   Quintadena 73 8   Clarinet 73 8   Dulciana 73 8   Clarion 73 8   Unda Maris 73   Harp 61 bars 4   Flute d'Amour 73     Celesta — 4   Prestant 73     Chimes EC 2 2/3   Nazard 73     Tremulant 2   Flageolet 61                       Solo Organ  (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed 8   Stentorphone 73 8   English Horn 73 8   Gross Flöte 73 8   Orchestral Oboe 73 8   Cello 73 8   Contra Bombarde 73 4   Fugara 73 8   Bombarde 73     Grand Mixture V ranks 365 4   Clarion 73   Harmonics V ranks 365     Chimes EC 8   French Horn 73     Tremulant                 String Organ (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed (15" pressure) 16   Contra Gamba 73 4   Viole d'Orchestre 73 8   Gross Gamba 73 4   Viola Céleste 73 8   Gross Gamba Céleste 73   Cornet de Violes V ranks 365 8   Viole d'Orchestre 73     Tremulant 8   Viole Céleste II ranks 146                       Echo Organ  (Manual I or II) – 61 notes, enclosed   Echo Pedal Organ 8   Diapason 73 16   Bourdon 32 8   Cor de Nuit 73 8   Stopped Flute [ext.] 12 8   Muted Viol 73     8   Vox Angelica 73         4   Fernflöte 73         8   Shofar 73         8   Musette 73             Chimes 25 tubes             Tremulant                           Chazozoroth – 73 notes (operating through String Organ couplers) 8   Chazozoroth [25" w.p.] 73                         Pedal Organ  – 32 notes 32   Open Diapason [ext. ODW] 12 8   Octave [ext. ODW] 12 16   Open Diapason [wood] 32 8   Violone [ext.] 12 16   Open Diapason [metal] GT 8   Bourdon [ext.] 12 16   Bourdon No. 1 32 4   Fifteenth [ext.] 12 16   Bourdon No. 2 GT 32   Contra Trombone [ext.] 12 16   Violone 32 16   Trombone 32 16   Contra Gemshorn CH 16   Contra Hautbois CH 16   Dulciana