Click on images to enlarge Cathedral of Saint Patrick (Roman Catholic) Fifth Avenue at 51st Street New York, NY 10022 http://www.saintpatrickscathedral.org Organ Specifications: Fifth Avenue at 51st Street (since 1879): ► V/150 Geo. Kilgen & Son (1928-30); rev. Paragallo (1993) ► IV/114 Geo. Kilgen & Son, Op. 5918 (1930) – Gallery and Echo ► III/23 Geo. Kilgen & Son, Op. 3920 (1928) – Chancel ► II/23 J.H. & C.S. Odell, Op. 175 (1880) – Chancel ► IV/56 George Jardine & Son (1879) – Gallery 290 Mulberry Street (1809-1879): Present Building (since 1868) – See Old St. Patrick's Cathedral ► III/46 Henry Erben & Co. (1866-68) First Building (1809-burned 1866): • Henry Erben & Co. (1852) • Hall & Erben (1824)               Original Cathedral   The original St. Patrick's Cathedral, located at 260 Mulberry Street, was built between 1809-1815 on land used as the cemetery of St. Peter's Church. The cathedral's Irish Catholic parishioners were often at odds with local agitators. In 1836, a mob attempted to ransack the cathedral, but defenders cut holes in the wall for their muskets and posted sentries outside, successfully thwarting damage to the cathedral. Although the cathedral was then the largest religious structure in the city, Archbishop John J. Hughes envisioned a new and grander cathedral uptown, to serve as a "public architectural monument of the present and prospective greatness of this metropolis." In 1852, land was purchased far uptown on the relatively-uninhabited Fifth Avenue, and the cornerstone for a new cathedral was laid in 1858 by Archbishop Hughes. Meanwhile, a fire in 1866 caused great damage to the original cathedral, but it was rebuilt and rededicated in 1868. Construction on the new cathedral ground to a halt during the years of the Civil War (c.1860-65), but Archbishop John McCloskey (who in 1875 became the first American Cardinal) resumed work in 1865. Upon the consecration of the new cathedral in 1879, the old cathedral became a parish church and is known today as "Old St. Patrick's Cathedral". The new cathedral's twin-towered Gothic design, by James Renwick Jr., and William Rodrigue, Hughes' brother-in-law, was influenced by Cologne Cathedral, which was being completed after a hiatus of several centuries. Archbishop Michael Corrigan added the towers on the West Front in 1888 and began work on the east addition, including the Lady Chapel, as designed by Charles Mathews, in 1901. Cardinal Hayes completed an extensive renovation of the interior between 1927 and 1931 when the great organ was installed and the sanctuary was enlarged. St. Patrick's Organ Case in Jardine & Son ad (1883) A History of the Organs The original organ in Saint Patrick's Cathedral was built in 1879 by Geo. Jardine & Son, one of New York's organ builders during the later half of the 19th century. In 1926, Pietro Yon was appointed Organist/Director of Music, and plans were initiated to replace the Jardine organ. The St. Louis firm of Geo. Kilgen & Son was contracted to build two new instruments according to designs heavily influenced by Mr. Yon. The Kilgen company first installed the Chancel Organ in 1928. Its 1,480 pipes are encased in the north Ambulatory, diagonally across from the console. The Chancel Organ complements the Gallery Organ in the playing of hymns and also provides the music for services held in the Lady Chapel. During the installation period and concurrent renovation of the cathedral in 1927-31, a concrete-reinforced extension to the original gallery was constructed to accommodate the new Gallery Organ. In 1930, the Grand Gallery Organ, with one of the nation's most glorious wood façades adorned with angels and Latin inscriptions, was completed.   Gallery Organ Case   Tonal changes were made to the organs in the 1940s and 50s by Charles Courboin, the Belgian-born virtuoso who succeeded Pietro Yon. Courboin was organist at St. Patrick's Cathedral from 1943-1973, and had been organist for the John Wanamaker stores in Philadelphia and New York. In the 1970s, John Grady, cathedral organist from 1970-1990 and also organist of the Metropolitan Opera, instigated the revoicing of many reeds and the addition of the Trompette en Chamade. In 1993, after more than 60 years of daily use, a complete refurbishing of both organs was begun. First, two identical five-manual drawknob consoles were constructed and installed in 1993 by Robert M. Turner Organs, Hacienda Heights, CA. Next, wood craftsmen cleaned, repaired and oiled the hand-carved organ façade. Paragallo Pipe Organ Company of Paterson, NJ, was awarded the contract to clean and restore all of the pipework, as well as the chests and wind systems. The façade pipes were returned to their original finish, with a protective coating added to prevent oxidation. Finally, the Echo organ, situated in the south triforium near the crossing, underwent tonal modifications, including the addition of a new principal chorus and a solo trumpet stop; it is now called the Nave Organ. The combined Gallery, Nave and Chancel organs have 177 stops with a total of more than 9,000 pipes. Both organs can be played from either five-manual console.           Geo. Kilgen & Son St. Louis, MO Grand Gallery Organ – Opus 5918 (1930); rev. Peragallo (1993) Chancel Organ – Opus 3920 (1928); rev. Peragallo (1993) Electro-pneumatic action Twin 5-manual drawknob consoles, 150 ranks                 GRAND GALLERY ORGAN                 Gallery Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes, 6" pressure 16   Diapason 4   Erzähler 16   Violone 2 2/3   Quinte 8   First Diapason 2   Fifteenth 8   Second Diapason 2   Claribel Flute [ext.] 8   Violoncello 1 3/5   Tierce 8   Viola Sorda 1 1/3   Larigot 8   Gemshorn     Fourniture IV ranks 8   Flute harmonique +     Cymbale IV ranks 8   Bourdon 16   Posaune [8" pressure] 5 1/3   Gross Quinte 8   Trompette 4   Principal 8   Trumpet 4   Octave [ext. 2nd Diapason] 4   Clarion [ext. Trumpet] 4   Flute Octaviante + [ext. Fl.H.]     Great MIDI 4   Clarabella                       Gallery Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed, 6" pressure 16   Salicional 4   Salicet [ext. 16] 16   Bourdon 2   Super Octave 8   Diapason 1 1/3   Larigot 8   Violin Diapason   Fourniture V ranks 8   Viola da Gamba     Cymbale III ranks 8   Viole d'Orchestre 16   Contra Fagotto 8   Viole Celeste 8   Trompette 8   Flute Harmonique 8   Corno di Bassetto 8   Clarinet Flute 8   Oboe 8   Salicional [ext. 16] 8   Vox Humana 8   Voix Celeste 4   Clarion 4   Prestant     Tremolo 4   Octave [ext. Diapason] 8   Trompette en Chamade SO 4   Forest Flute     Swell MIDI 4   Dolce Flute [ext. Clarinet Flute]                         Gallery Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed, 6" pressure 16   Contra Viola 4   Flauto Traverso 16   Quintaton 4   Rohrflöte 8   Diapason 4   Violetta [ext. 16] 8   Geigen Diapason 2   Super Viola [ext. 16] 8   Doppelflöte 2   Piccolo 8   Gamba   Mixture III ranks 8   Viola [ext. 16 Contra Viola] 8   Schalmei 8   Concert Flute 8   Orchestral Oboe 8   Flute Celeste 8   Clarinet 8   Quintadena [ext. 16]     Tremolo 8   Cor de Nuit     Harp + ° 8   Cor de Nuit Celeste   Celesta + ° 4   Fugara 8   Trompette en Chamade SO                 Gallery Solo Organ (Manual IV) – 61 notes, enclosed, 10" pressure (reeds 20") 16   Contra Gamba 8   Tuba  [ext. 16] 8   Stentorphone 8   French Horn 8   Solo Flute 8   English Horn 8   Gross Gamba [ext. 16] 8   Tuba Clarion [ext. 16] 8   Gamba Celeste   Tremolo 4   Octave 8   Trompette en Chamade 4   Flute Ouverte [ext. Solo Flute]             [unenclosed, 33" pressure] 1 3/5   Tierce     Chimes CH     Mixture III ranks     Harp ° CH 16   Tuba Profunda     Celesta ° 8   Trompette     Solo MIDI                   Gallery String Organ (floating) – 61 notes, enclosed, 6" pressure 16   Contra Salicional 4   Violina 8   Viola 4   Salicet [ext. 16] 8   Viola Celeste 2   Salicet [ext. 16] 8   Viole d'Orchestre   Tremolo 8   Salicional [ext. 16]   Zimbelstern + 10 bells 8   Voix Celeste                       Gallery Pedal Organ – 32 notes, 6" pressure 64   Gravissima   8   Gamba SO        [derived from 32 Diapason] 8   Cello GT 32   Diapason [open wood, 4"]   8   Gedeckt SW   [E.M. Skinner; 1-12 in north triforium] 4   Super Octave 32   Contra Violone ° +   4   Flute [ext. 16 Bourdon] 32   Bourdon ° +     Mixture V ranks 16   Principal   16   Tuba Profunda SO 16   First Diapason   16   Posaune GT 16   Second Diapason GT 16   Contra Fagotto SW 16   Violone GT  8   Posaune  GT 16   Bourdon     Pedal MIDI 16   Contra Gamba SO         16   Viola CH  Jeux des Bombardes # (in south triforium) 16   Salicional SW 32   Contra Bombarde 98 16   Dolce Bass 16   Bombarde [ext.] 16   Bourdon SW 8   Trompette [ext.] 8   Octave   4   Clairon [ext.] 8   Flute (ext. 16 Bourdon)       # unenclosed, 18" pressure                 Nave Organ (Manual V) – 61 notes, 5" pressure (in the south triforium, at the crossing) 16   Bourdon 8   Trompette Harmonique +  [ext.] 8   Diapason ^ 8   Trumpet ^   8   Bourdon  [ext.] 8   Oboe Horn ^   8   Melodia ^ 8   Vox Humana ^   8   Gamba ^ 4   Clairon Harmonique +  [ext.]   8   Gamba Celeste ^ 8   Triforium Trumpet +   4   Octave ^        [unenclosed, 18" pressure] 4   Stopped Flute  [ext.] 8   Trompette en Chamade SO 4   Violetta ^     Chimes ^   2   Super Octave ^     Tremolo       Fourniture IV ranks         16   Bombarde ^     ^ enclosed                   Nave Pedal Organ – 32 notes 16   Sub Bass   8   Trompette Harmonique NAV 16   Bourdon   8   Triforium Trumpet NAV 8   Flute [ext. 16 Bourdon]       Chimes NAV 16   Bombarde NAV                     + new stops added 1994-97             ° Walker digital stops                 CHANCEL ORGAN                 Chancel Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes 16   Diapason 4   Octave 8   First Diapason 4   Flute [ext. Melodia] 8   Second Diapason [ext. 16] 2   Flautino 8   Bourdon     Mixture III ranks 8   Melodia 8   Trumpet 8   Viola da Gamba CH 4   Clarion [ext.] 8   Dulciana CH                         Chancel Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Lieblich Gedeckt 2   Principal 8   Gedeckt [ext.] 2   Gedecktflöte [ext.] 8   Salicional 8   Cornopean 8   Voix Celeste 8   Oboe 4   Harmonic Flute 8   Vox Humana 4   Gedeckt [ext.]     Tremolo 4   Salicet [ext.]                         Chancel Choir Organ (Manual I) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Bass Flute 4   Gambette 16   Dulciana 4   Flute GT 8   Diapason GT 4   Dulcet [ext.] 8   Viola da Gamba 2   Flautino GT 8   Melodia GT 8   Orchestral Oboe [synthetic] 8   Dulciana [ext.] 8   Clarinet 4   Principal     Tremolo                 Chancel Pedal Organ – 32 notes 32   Resultant 8   Gamba CH 16   Diapason GT 8   Gedeckt SW 16   Bourdon 16   Double Trumpet GT 16   Lieblich Gedeckt SW 8   Trumpet GT 8   Bass Flute [ext. 16 Bourdon] 4   Clarion GT                   Gallery Console (Turner, 1993)   Chancel Console (Turner, 1993)             Geo. Kilgen & Son St. Louis, MO – Opus 5918 (1930) – West Gallery and Echo Electro-pneumatic action 4 manual stopkey console, 157 stops, 114 ranks                 Great Organ (Manual II) – 61 notes 16   Diapason 85 4   Diapason — 16   Bourdon 85 4   Principal 61 8   First Diapason 61 4   Clarabel Flute 61 8   Second Diapason — 4   Flute Harmonic 61 8   Horn Diapason 61 4   Violina Sorda — 8   Philomela 61 2 2/3   Nazard — 8   Clarabella 73 2   Flute Octaviante — 8   Gamba 61     Ripieno IV ranks 244 8   Doppel Flute 61 16   Posaune 61 8   Violoncello 61 8   Tromba 73 8   Gedeckt — 4   Tromba Clarion — 8   Viol d'Amour 61   Chimes SO               Swell Organ (Manual III) – 61 notes, enclosed 16   Salicional 97 4   Salicional — 16   Bourdon 97 4   Forest Flute 73 8   Diapason Phonon 73 4   Dolce Flute — 8   Open Diapason 73 2   Flautino 61 8   Small Diapason 85     Ripieno V ranks 305 8   Stopped Flute 73   Dolce Cornet III ranks 183 8   Flute Harmonic 73 16   Fagotto 73 8   Viol d'Gamba 73 8   Cornopean 73 8   Viol d'Orchestre 73 8   Corno di Bassetto 73 8   Viol Celeste 73 8   Oboe 85 8